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Cathepsin D (CTSD), the major lysosomal aspartic protease that is widely expressed in different tissues, potentially regulates the biological behaviors of various cells. Follicular granulosa cells are responsive to the increase of ovulation number, hence indirectly influencing litter size. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of CTSD on the behaviors of goat granulosa cells has not been fully elucidated. This study used immunohistochemistry to analyze CTSD localization in goat ovarian tissues. Moreover, western blotting was applied to examine the differential expression of CTSD in the ovarian tissues of monotocous and polytocous goats. Subsequently, the effects of CTSD knockdown on cell proliferation, apoptosis, cell cycle, and the expression of candidate genes of the prolific traits, including bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (
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The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of growth hormone (GH) gene on skeletal muscle cell proliferation of Guizhou cattle. The coding sequence of cattle GH gene was amplified by reverse transcription PCR, cloned into the pUCM-T vector and then used to construct the GH gene overexpression vector pEGFP-N3-GH. The expression of the GH gene in skeletal muscle-related tissues (psoas major and longissimus dorsi) of Guizhou cattle was determined by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR). This was followed by culturing and identification of the bovine primary skeletal muscle cells. Subsequently, we introduced the GH gene overexpression vector into the cells to investigate its effect on the proliferation of bovine skeletal muscle cells and the expression of insulin like growth factor 1 and 2 genes related to skeletal muscle growth and development. RT-qPCR results showed that the expression level of GH gene was higher in the psoas major than in the longissimus dorsi of Guizhou cattle, and the expression level in the psoas major of Guanling cattle and Weining cattle was significantly higher than in the longissimus dorsi (P<0.05). The transfection and proliferation results showed that pEGFP-N3-GH significantly increased the expression of GH, IGF-1, and IGF-2 genes in skeletal muscle cells compared to pEGFP-N3 (PP<0.05), and that overexpression of the GH gene also significantly increased the proliferation rate of skeletal muscle cells at the four periods examined (PP<0.01). Our results suggest that GH gene can promote the proliferation of skeletal muscle cells of Guizhou cattle and exerts a positive regulatory effect. This lays the foundation for further exploring the mechanism by which the GH gene affects the growth and development of Guizhou cattle.
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Animals , Cattle , Cell Proliferation , Cloning, Molecular , Growth Hormone/genetics , Insulin-Like Growth Factor I/genetics , Muscle, SkeletalABSTRACT
Objective To retrospectively analyze unplanned secondary surgical operations in neurosurgery. Methods The incidence, causes and time interval from the first operation of unplanned secondary operations were systematically reviewed, and the length of stay, hospitalization expenses and conditions of prognosis of the patients were compared with those who did not suffered from unplanned secondary operations.Results In this study,339 unplanned secondary operations were confirmed from 2012 to 2016 in neurosurgery and the incidence of unplanned secondary operations was 0.65%. 80.24% of the unplanned secondary operations were incurred by postoperative bleeding,which was proved to be higher than other causes. Conclusions Unplanned secondary operations had caused more economic burdens, thus deserving close attentions. Reducing perioperative bleeding and implementing hierarchical operation management would be key to preventing and decreasing unplanned secondary operations.
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Objective:Based on the perspective of Universal Health Coverage(UHC),a mathematical model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development status of Basic Medical Insurance Schemes(BMIS) in China.Methods:A mixed model was developed to conduct quantitative study on the development of BMIS in the period of 2003-2015 from five dimensions:coverage of population,benefit package,reimbursement rate,risk pooling level and unity of the schemes.Sensitivity analysis was also performed.Results:The UHC scores for BMIS in China from 2003 to 2015 fluctuated obviously.Given the range of 0-100 percent,the UHC score in 2003 was 52.2％,28.5％ in 2006,23.9％ in 2010 and 26.5％ in 2015.The integration and equalization of BMIS and scaling up the risk pooling levels were shown to contribute significantly to UHC.Conclusion:The construction of mixed models was developed to provide a new calculation assessment tool for measuring the UHC,which consisted of completed evaluation tool package with addition model and multiplication model.Considering the future development of UHC,there is a still long way to go for BMIS in China.Emphases should be given to integration and equalization of BMIS as well as scaling up the risk polling to provincial and national level.
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Objective To investigate the clinical application value of the critical value electric reporting system .Methods The critical value data from Aug .1 ,2015 to Jan .31 ,2016 were inquired through the electronic hospital information system (eHIS) .The incidence rate of critical values ,items distribution and department distribution were analyzed .Results A total of 3 405 items of crit‐ical value were reported .The occurrence rate of critical values was 0 .45% .The top 5 of critical values numbers were chlorine (25 .76% ) ,myocardial‐specific isoenzyme of creatine kinase (19 .97% ) ,serum sodium (9 .43% ) ,platelet count (9 .05% ) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (6 .40% ) .The top 5 departments of critical values reported number were the cardiology department (18 .94% ) ,followed by neurological intensive care unit (12 .04% ) ,intensive care unit (9 .52% ) ,second wards of neurosurgery (5 .11% ) and neurovascular wards (5 .02% ) .The median time of critical value report was reduced by 33 .33% and the quartile range time weas reduced by 40 .00% .Conclusion The application of critical value electric reporting system reduces the elapsed time of critical value report ,increases the promptness and accuracy of critical value report ,and has an important significance to guarantee the medical quality .
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Objective To investigate the relationship between positive experience and perceived social support of the parents with a cerebral palsy child. Methods 105 parents with a cerebral palsy child who were hospitalized in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between November , 2014 and January , 2015 were conveniently selected and investigated about their positive experience and perceived social support with general information questionnaire, positive aspects of caregiving and perceived social support scale. The correlation between the two was analyzed. Results The mean score of the parent′s positive experience was (30.82 ± 5.26); the dimension of self affirmation was (16.71 ± 3.06) and the dimension of life expectation was (14.10 ± 2.85). The scores of the parents′ positive experience were significantly different among gender, education of parents and the age,gender of children. The score of the parents′ positive experience was positively correlated with the total score of perceived social support (r = 0.214, P = 0.029) and the score of other support (r = 0.227, P = 0.020). Conclusions The parents′ positive experience was medium of the high level, which is worth of more attention in order to improve it. The higher perceived social support score is , the more positive experience parents will have.
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Objective To analyze the optimal scales of secondary public hospitals so as to optimize the expansion of public hospitals.Methods Forty-six secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were selected as the sample,with input and output indicators pinpointed,for analysis of the status of economic return to scale of such hospitals from 1996 to 2012,and identification of inflexion points of the returns to scale.These efforts will help find an optimal scale of such hospitals.Resalts The period from 1996 to 2012 found the general effectiveness of such hospitals in a decline.In 2012,only 4 of the 46 hospitals were in DEA effectiveness status,and the other 42 hospitals were not; Forty-three inflexion points were identified.This study found that the strict control standards for secondary public general hospitals in Beijing were 298 beds and 585 staffs; the flexible control standards were 421 beds and 807 staffs.Conclclsion The optimal scales for secondary public hospitals were drown from the analysis,for references of other regions in China.The hospitals should prioritize resources efficiency instead of scale expansion.
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Objective To investigate the relationship between family cohesion and adaptation and the anxiety and depression level of parents of children with congenital heart disease after surgery.Methods 302 parents of children with congenital heart disease and 330 parents in child health care clinic were conveniently selected and investigated with Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS).And Family Cohesion and Adaptation Questionnaire (FACES Ⅱ-CV) was applied to investigate the former.Results The mean score of the anxiety and depression level of parents of children with congenital heart disease was higher than that of the parents in child health care clinic.The difference was significant.The score of anxiety and depression of parents of children with congenital heart disease was significantly correlated with dissatisfaction of family coherence and adaptation; while negatively correlated with real family cohesion and adaptation.Multiple linear regression showed that real family adaptation,dissatisfaction of family adaptation were influential important factors of parents' anxiety.Dissatisfaction of family adaptation was also the influential important factors of the parents' depression.Conclusions The anxiety and depression of parents was above the average level,we must pay more attention to improve it,make full use of the function of families,and to improve their anxiety and depression condition.
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Objective Perform a quantitative analysis on the development stage of Universal Health Coverage (UHC)in China and discuss key options for scaling up UHC in China.Methods Quantitative addition model was used to analyze the UHC trend in China from 2003-2011,along with a sensitivity analysis and international comparison with the UK.Results The quantitative analysis showed that the UHC in China,for the year of 2003,2008 and 2011 were 2.79,2.32 and 2.60 respectively.Sensitivity analysis showed the integration of the health insurance schemes and scaling up the risk pooling levels contributed more than other factors to UHC in China.Conclusion The UHC in China has been developed to the mid-stage,but still lags far behind developed countries like the UK.Such general measures as equalization of benefits and scaling up of the risk pooling level should be taken.First of all,equalization of medical benefits for both rural and urban residents makes the fundamental priority and policy in the pursuit of UHC in China.